December 2007 Archives

AC010 Simple Notes U4

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Unit 4 Accounts Receivable

Lesson 1 AR Master Records in FI

Lesson Objectives
1.Maintain an AR master record in FI
2.Describe the role of an account group

其实应收账款和应付账款有很多相似之处,比如帐户组,统驭科目的概念等等。

在FI中的应收账款和应付账款一样,有两层数据

一般层:保存了一般数据,比如名称,地址等。
公司代码层:保存了与公司代码相关的数据,比如付款条款等。

和供应商的主数据一样,客户主数据也可以分账户组,主要决定了以下因素
客户主数据号码范围
客户主数据中的字段选择
该组客户是否为一次性客户


Lesson 2 Daily Accounting Transactions in Customers

Lesson Objectives
1.Create and change customer invoices in FI
2.Post a manual incoming payment
3.Request customer correspondence
4.Analyze customer accounts
5.Use the Customers Information System

Invoice/Credit Memo Entry

通常所有的发票都是有销售的后续操作,但特殊情况时,可以不参考销售订单开发票,就可以用Enjoy界面录入发票
Enjoy界面分为四大部分,与应收账款类似,不再详细介绍
Work templates
Header and customer data
Line item information
Information area


Incoming Payments
当客户的部分支付时有两种处理方法
一种是部分支付法,即不将原来的凭证清账,客户的付款记在贷方,仍保留未清状态。
另一种是剩余收款,即将原来的凭证做清账处理,并将剩余的金额产生新的凭证。

Dunning Run 催款
系统会自动检查到期的应收账款,并自动向客户发送信息催款。

Correspondence(不知道翻译成什么比较合适)
Correspondence请求通常会有以下几个途径产生
一些事务自动产生 such as bill of exchange charges (bill of exchange charges statement) or payment differences (payment notice) are posted
手工产生
用相应程序批量产生

Customers Information System
客户信息系统会提供快速的查询和分析应收账款数据,比如:
Due date breakdown
Customer payment history
Currency risk for customers abroad
Overdue items
Number of days (DSO days) that a customer takes, on average, to pay an invoice
Customer cash discount history (terms offered/terms taken)

Hint:供应商同样包含类似的信息系统,对应付账款进行分析

Lesson: Closing Operations in Customers

Lesson Objectives
1.Post value adjustments
2.Run the balance carry forward program

Closing Operations for Customers
期末操作
在一个新的会计年度开始后,要进行上一个期间的月末操作,包括余额结转,关上一个账期,开下一个账期。

Value Adjustment Parameters
余额调整,主要是做外币评估和坏账评估
可以用相应的程序来进行,操作类似于付款和催款的程序。


Unit Summary
1.Maintain an AR master record in FI
2.Describe the role of an account group
3.Create and change customer invoices in FI
4.Post a manual incoming payment
5.Request customer correspondence
6.Analyze customer accounts
7.Use the Customers Information System
8.Describe the most important organizational units in Sales Order Management
9.Describe the basic sales process in Sales Order Management and trace its effects in external Accounting
10.Maintain credit management master data
11.Check and release blocked SD documents
12.Post value adjustments
13.Run the balance carry forward program


AC010 Simple Notes U3

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Unit 3 Accounts Payable

Lesson 1 Vendor Master Records in FI

Lesson Objectives
1.Create a list of vendors
2.Maintain a vendor master record in FI
3.Describe the role of an account group

供应商主数据
FI中的供应商主数据有两个层次,Client和company code
client层数据保存一些通用的信息,比如名称,地址等
company code层数拒包含公司代码相关的数据,比如付款条款等

供应商帐户组
控制以下一些内容:
供应商维护的界面字段选择
编号范围
是否为一次性供应商

Lesson 2 Daily Accounting Transactions in Vendors

Lesson Objectives
1.Post vendor invoices and credit memos in FI
2.Create a recurring document and execute the recurring entries program
3.Post a manual outgoing payment and print a check
4.Run the automatic payment program
5.Check account balances, line items and documents

发票/贷项凭证的输入
发票输入的enjoy界面,可以在一屏中完成输入
T-code:FB60
Work templates
这里列出了你可以选择的屏幕变量和可以参考的凭证

Header data
凭证头部分,包含了一些凭证整体信息,比如过账日期,凭证类型等

Line item information
凭证行项目信息

Information area
借贷方的金额信息,及借贷是否平衡,以一个交通灯表示

周期性输入
当重复执行相同的一个事务时,可以用一个批处理进行周期性输入,凭证会自动生成。
但事先要提供原始凭证和期间

付款事务元素

自动付款参数
自动付款通常步骤
维护付款参数
测试运行(可选)
检查修改(可选)
正式运行
打印

Lesson 3 Business Process Integration with Materials Management

Lesson Objectives
1.Describe the most important organizational units in Material Management
2.Describe and track the basic purchasing process in Material Management and describe its effects in Financial Accounting

IDES中的MM组织架构
参见SCM500 Simple Notes

在供应商主数据中要多维护一层采购组织数据

三单校验
三单校验是FI与MM的集成点,下面详细说明
采购订单:在MM中创建的采购订单,与FI无关
收货单:库存增加,系统会同时自动生成相关财务凭证。借:物料; 贷:GR/IR
发票:发票校验会产生会计凭证。 借:GR/IR; 贷:应付账款

Lesson 4 Closing Operations in Vendors

Lesson Objectives
1.Print balance confirmations
2.Revalue foreign currency open items
3.Regroup accounts payable according to due date

供应商关账操作
年结时分为两部分
Legal requirements (procedures required by the government authorities)
Technical and organizational requirements (procedures that are technically required or needed to support the accounting organization)
详细内容在AC205中会讲到
财务会计结账流程,是针对月末或年末结账的账务处理过程。每个会计期间结束时可先打开新的会计期间,允许日常业务进入新的会计期间,而结束的会计期间进入结账处理。
如果是年末,进入年结:打开新会计年度允许业务入账,而对结束的会计年度进行账务调整,并将损益类账户余额结转到未分配利润账户、结转年末总账余额及客户/供应商余额到新会计年度,最终关闭结束的会计年度。

余额确认
做期末结帐时与供应商确认余额

外币评估
当关账时如果还有供应商有外币的未清项的时候,就要进行外币评估。
关账时该项目按照过账日期的汇率来计算金额。
当然,关账时的汇率和过账日期时的汇率会有不同,这就要对其重新进行评估。产生如下分录
上月月末 借: Expense from foreign currency valuation; 贷: Balance sheet adjustment account
本月月初 借: Balance sheet adjustment account; 贷: Revenue from foreign currency valuation

Regrouping Vendors
(不太理解,待补充)

Unit Summary
You should now be able to:
1.Create a list of vendors
2.Maintain a vendor master record in FI
3.escribe the role of an account group
4.Post vendor invoices and credit memos in FI
5.Create a recurring document and execute the recurring entries program
6.Post a manual outgoing payment and print a check
7.Run the automatic payment program
8.Check account balances, line items and documents
9.Describe the most important organizational units in Material Management
10.Describe and track the basic purchasing process in Material Management and describe its effects in Financial Accounting
11.Print balance confirmations
12.Revalue foreign currency open items
13.Regroup accounts payable according to due date

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